PMF IAS Environment by M. Thamminidi – Essential Short Notes for UPSC
- Environment: Biotic and abiotic components, soil composition, natural phenomena.
- Levels of Organizations in Ecology: Study of individuals, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biomes, and biosphere.
- Forest: Taiga or Boreal Biome, Temperate Deciduous Biome, Temperate Rainforest Biome, Sub-Tropical Deciduous Biome, Tropical Deciduous Biome, Savanna or Tropical Wet and Dry Biome, Tropical Rain Forest Biome.
- Desert: Tropical and Mid Latitude Desert Biome, Tundra Biome (Arctic and Alpine).
- India’s Biodiversity Hotspots in Brief: Major wildlife species of India.
- Pollution and Climate Change: Effects on marine and terrestrial biodiversity, ocean acidification, climate variability.
- Biomes, Biogeographic Zones and Provinces: Five biomes of India, biogeography, biogeographic zones, and provinces.
- Realms: Biogeographic realms, Indian region’s realms.
- Tools and Solutions for Implementation and Mainstreaming (by 2030) – 10 Targets: Integration of biodiversity into policies, planning, national accounting.
- Forest Types of India: Champion and Seth’s classification system, climate-based major groups, precipitation and temperature range-based groups.
- Climate-Smart Cities Assessment Framework (CSCAF 2.0): 28 indicators across five categories: Energy and Green Buildings, Urban Planning, Green Cover & Biodiversity, Mobility and Air Quality, Water Management, Waste Management.
- Mammal – VU – Snow Leopard: Habitat in alpine and subalpine zones.
- Mammal – VU – Nilgiri Langur: Habitat in evergreen, semi-evergreen, moist deciduous forests, and montane evergreen forests.
- Mammal – VU – Takin: Habitat in forested valleys to rocky alpine zones.
- Mammal – NT – Assamese Macaque: Habitat in high altitude plains, hills, plateaus, and montane valleys.
- Mammal – CR – Kashmir Stag/Hangul: Threats from over-grazing and poaching.
- Bird – CR – Great Indian Bustard: Habitat in dry grassland and steppe region.